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	<title>Comments on: Bottom Up Vs Top Down, a lesson in Solar Implementation from Senegal.</title>
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	<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/</link>
	<description>Africa and Beyond!</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2011 20:51:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: green power generator</title>
		<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/comment-page-1/#comment-146501</link>
		<dc:creator>green power generator</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2011 20:51:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.afromusing.com/blog/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/#comment-146501</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;green power generator...&lt;/strong&gt;

[...]Afromusing &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Bottom Up Vs Top Down, a lesson in Solar Implementation from Senegal.[...]...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>green power generator&#8230;</strong></p>
<p>[...]Afromusing &raquo; Blog Archive &raquo; Bottom Up Vs Top Down, a lesson in Solar Implementation from Senegal.[...]&#8230;</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: ken.lee</title>
		<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/comment-page-1/#comment-21210</link>
		<dc:creator>ken.lee</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jul 2007 02:27:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.afromusing.com/blog/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/#comment-21210</guid>
		<description>Dear Sir/Madam,

SinoStar Lighting Group Ltd. specializes in the production of quality Solar lighting in China. 
all series of solar related lamps and lighting fixtures 
 
1)220V Energy Saving Lamp &amp; Automobile Halogen Lamp  ( www.ssinostar.com)
12V/24V DC (5w 7w 9w 11w) Fluorescent Lamp /CCFL is often used as replacement of incandescent lighting,4 times more effective than incandescent lamp.   

2)12V/220V LED Lighting : Shape available with MR11, MR16, GU10, PAR16, PAR20, PAR30, PAR38, JDR and multi- colored design. And we can add from 6PCS-LED and up to 198PCS-LED in the LED Cup with optional colors White, Blue, Green, Red and Yellow. Excellent replacement for halogen lamps in background, recreation and other applications. 
PAR38 LED198    LED400 
 
3)Solar LED Road Stud:The Solar Road Stud makes active illumination and remains brightly visible, unaffected by wet conditions.
 
4)Wind turbine and Solar Combined Street Lighting:can make the best use of the wind and solar energy simultaneously. All-in-one design, is a new trend in  the markets and replaces the traditional street lighting systems.  Best for areas utilizing sunshine and wind reserves. 

5)Portable Solar energy System:This series of solar panel capacity ranges from 40Wp to 160Wp that can generate power from 100W to 500W.Application : areas lack of energy, remote homes, solar pumps, fans,TVs,computers,Recreation Vehicle,WIFI hotspot,ship,UPS and so on.220V/110V AC electrical appliances and 12V DC electrical appliances can be adapted to the system.Further it can be a mobile charger for automobile vehicle. And it&#039;s a great energy supplementary when disaster and poor weather appears. 
 
Solar generator system with 400w Wind turbine:

 
We welcome OEM orders.Feel free to contact us for more info and quotation . 

 
Regards,
 
Ken
Export dept.

SinoStar Lighting Group Ltd.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Sir/Madam,</p>
<p>SinoStar Lighting Group Ltd. specializes in the production of quality Solar lighting in China.<br />
all series of solar related lamps and lighting fixtures </p>
<p>1)220V Energy Saving Lamp &amp; Automobile Halogen Lamp  ( <a href="http://www.ssinostar.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.ssinostar.com</a>)<br />
12V/24V DC (5w 7w 9w 11w) Fluorescent Lamp /CCFL is often used as replacement of incandescent lighting,4 times more effective than incandescent lamp.   </p>
<p>2)12V/220V LED Lighting : Shape available with MR11, MR16, GU10, PAR16, PAR20, PAR30, PAR38, JDR and multi- colored design. And we can add from 6PCS-LED and up to 198PCS-LED in the LED Cup with optional colors White, Blue, Green, Red and Yellow. Excellent replacement for halogen lamps in background, recreation and other applications.<br />
PAR38 LED198    LED400 </p>
<p>3)Solar LED Road Stud:The Solar Road Stud makes active illumination and remains brightly visible, unaffected by wet conditions.</p>
<p>4)Wind turbine and Solar Combined Street Lighting:can make the best use of the wind and solar energy simultaneously. All-in-one design, is a new trend in  the markets and replaces the traditional street lighting systems.  Best for areas utilizing sunshine and wind reserves. </p>
<p>5)Portable Solar energy System:This series of solar panel capacity ranges from 40Wp to 160Wp that can generate power from 100W to 500W.Application : areas lack of energy, remote homes, solar pumps, fans,TVs,computers,Recreation Vehicle,WIFI hotspot,ship,UPS and so on.220V/110V AC electrical appliances and 12V DC electrical appliances can be adapted to the system.Further it can be a mobile charger for automobile vehicle. And it&#8217;s a great energy supplementary when disaster and poor weather appears. </p>
<p>Solar generator system with 400w Wind turbine:</p>
<p>We welcome OEM orders.Feel free to contact us for more info and quotation . </p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Ken<br />
Export dept.</p>
<p>SinoStar Lighting Group Ltd.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: alexcia</title>
		<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/comment-page-1/#comment-19049</link>
		<dc:creator>alexcia</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jul 2007 21:37:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.afromusing.com/blog/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/#comment-19049</guid>
		<description>AfroM,

This is a management problem, whether top down or bottoms up, bad management is still bad management.  In africa, as bad as centrallized management ( lets face it corruption is often the real culprit) seems, it is often far better, faster (even less corrupt) than those village committees. 
Centralization allows for learning from experience, specialization, sharing resources and critical mass for creation of  market etc

On the practical side, alot of the problem of this venture could be solved by creating an electricity grid ( been waiting for this in my shags) so that the excess power is sold to the grid ( and to urban users) instead of using batteries  

PS i haven&#039;t read the actual article (am at work). Let me go read, will come back if my thoughts are wrong</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>AfroM,</p>
<p>This is a management problem, whether top down or bottoms up, bad management is still bad management.  In africa, as bad as centrallized management ( lets face it corruption is often the real culprit) seems, it is often far better, faster (even less corrupt) than those village committees.<br />
Centralization allows for learning from experience, specialization, sharing resources and critical mass for creation of  market etc</p>
<p>On the practical side, alot of the problem of this venture could be solved by creating an electricity grid ( been waiting for this in my shags) so that the excess power is sold to the grid ( and to urban users) instead of using batteries  </p>
<p>PS i haven&#8217;t read the actual article (am at work). Let me go read, will come back if my thoughts are wrong</p>
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		<title>By: Global Voices Online &#187; Senegal: sustainable development: a lesson from solar project</title>
		<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/comment-page-1/#comment-18992</link>
		<dc:creator>Global Voices Online &#187; Senegal: sustainable development: a lesson from solar project</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jul 2007 09:47:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.afromusing.com/blog/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/#comment-18992</guid>
		<description>[...] Drawing lessons from a donor-funded solar project in rural Senegal, Afromusing discusses Bottom Up vs Top Down approach to development projects: &#8220;The project had good intentions it appears, what with the powerful image of a hut with a solar panel on its roof. As reported on the article, the project is devolving into an unsustainable mess, with only 30% of the people paying the fees for the photovoltaic systems, and ongoing maintenance problems due to lack of money to change the batteries and keep the parts working properly.&#8221;   Share This [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Drawing lessons from a donor-funded solar project in rural Senegal, Afromusing discusses Bottom Up vs Top Down approach to development projects: &#8220;The project had good intentions it appears, what with the powerful image of a hut with a solar panel on its roof. As reported on the article, the project is devolving into an unsustainable mess, with only 30% of the people paying the fees for the photovoltaic systems, and ongoing maintenance problems due to lack of money to change the batteries and keep the parts working properly.&#8221;   Share This [...]</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: AfroMusing</title>
		<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/comment-page-1/#comment-18939</link>
		<dc:creator>AfroMusing</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 2007 13:26:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.afromusing.com/blog/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/#comment-18939</guid>
		<description>Excellent question Hash :)
I think that first, the systems shouldn&#039;t have been free or priced too highly. Smaller systems could have been configured for the villagers to buy - sounds like the systems were set up and the villagers told...this is how much its going to cost to maintain them. There could have been a range of choices, a small system for X amount and a higher capacity system for X amount. The sys. needed to be customized for the different income levels.

To have capital motivations, the idea of selling their energy to the mill sounds like something that would encourage people to keep up their systems (in the article it appears the mills are still working - they are making money) - that would work for the larger capacity systems that have excess energy though...For the smaller systems Income generating activities from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kk.org/streetuse/archives/2007/01/phone_charging_booths_in_ugand.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;charging stations for cell phones like in uganda&lt;/a&gt;, could have been encouraged.

The ability to make money by repairing systems - that would require training more technicians there.  Its kind of a catch 22 because it appears that before this initiative people didn&#039;t have power, now they do. That in itself is a great thing, but the danger is that they may not have the power much longer if the systems are not maintained.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Excellent question Hash <img src='http://afromusing.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
I think that first, the systems shouldn&#8217;t have been free or priced too highly. Smaller systems could have been configured for the villagers to buy &#8211; sounds like the systems were set up and the villagers told&#8230;this is how much its going to cost to maintain them. There could have been a range of choices, a small system for X amount and a higher capacity system for X amount. The sys. needed to be customized for the different income levels.</p>
<p>To have capital motivations, the idea of selling their energy to the mill sounds like something that would encourage people to keep up their systems (in the article it appears the mills are still working &#8211; they are making money) &#8211; that would work for the larger capacity systems that have excess energy though&#8230;For the smaller systems Income generating activities from <a href="http://www.kk.org/streetuse/archives/2007/01/phone_charging_booths_in_ugand.php" rel="nofollow">charging stations for cell phones like in uganda</a>, could have been encouraged.</p>
<p>The ability to make money by repairing systems &#8211; that would require training more technicians there.  Its kind of a catch 22 because it appears that before this initiative people didn&#8217;t have power, now they do. That in itself is a great thing, but the danger is that they may not have the power much longer if the systems are not maintained.</p>
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		<title>By: hash</title>
		<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/comment-page-1/#comment-18914</link>
		<dc:creator>hash</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 2007 05:41:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.afromusing.com/blog/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/#comment-18914</guid>
		<description>So, what are the kinds of capital motivations that the bottom-up strategy could provide in the Senegal situation?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So, what are the kinds of capital motivations that the bottom-up strategy could provide in the Senegal situation?</p>
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		<title>By: A &#8220;Top Down&#8221; Implemented Solar Project that Failed in Senegal - AfricanLoft</title>
		<link>http://afromusing.com/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/comment-page-1/#comment-18901</link>
		<dc:creator>A &#8220;Top Down&#8221; Implemented Solar Project that Failed in Senegal - AfricanLoft</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 2007 01:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.afromusing.com/blog/2007/06/29/bottom-up-vs-top-down-a-lesson-in-solar-implementation-from-senegal/#comment-18901</guid>
		<description>[...] Read more on Afromusing [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Read more on Afromusing [...]</p>
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